Piping code stress types
With regard to stresses, there are three main types of stresses that a designer must check for:
Primary stresses resulting from primary loads (sustained)
- From external loading
- Not self-limiting and cause distortion
- Limit these loads to prevent plastic deformation
Examples of loads: Internal-pressure, Weight.
Sustained stresses must be less than sustained allowable stresses.
Secondary stresses resulting from secondary loads (expansion):
- By displacements constraints
- Self-limiting and cause no distortion
- Limit these loads to prevent fatigue failure
Examples of loads: Thermal load, Transient, Support-movement, Vibration.
Expansion stresses must be less than the thermal allowable stress range.
Peak stresses resulting from occasional loads (occasional)
- Cause the highest stresses but cause no distortion
- Limit these loads to prevent fatigue crack initiation
Examples of loads: Wind, Earthquake, Impact, Fluid-hammers.
Occasional stresses must be less than the occasional allowable stresses.
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