Dynamic simulation is an extension of steady-state process simulation whereby time-dependence is built into the models via derivative terms i.e. accumulation of mass and energy. The advent of dynamic simulation means that the time-dependent description and control of real processes in real or simulated time are possible. This includes the description of starting up and shutting down a plant, changes ... Read More »
There are numerous American Society for Testing and Materials designations cover the specification of wrought materials, forgings and castings used for plate, fittings, pipe and valves.The ASTM standards are directed to dimensional standards, materials and strength considerations. Some of the more material standards referenced are: A 36 Specification for Structural Steel A 53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot ... Read More »
Piping component standard developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings B16.3 Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 150 and 300 B16.4 Cast Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250 B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings B16.9 Factory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings B16.10 Face to ... Read More »
Gate valve is a device used to control the flow of liquids and gases. Check valve also known as one-way valve, is to prevent the line of medium back. Globe valve is a mechanism used to control or stop the flow of liquid or gas through a pipe. Ball valve is a valve with a spherical disc, the part of ... Read More »
1.What is mean by ‘PWHT’ why is required ? “POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT” this is done to remove residual stress left in the joint which may cause brittle fracture 2.Why pre-heating is done on some pipe before starting welding? To slow down the cooling rate 3.Why post –heating is done on some pipe after the welding is over ? To ... Read More »
1.What is the maximum time limit to test backfilled portion? 24 Hr 2.For the line whose joints have not been backfilled what is the maximum time limit for testing ? 04 Hrs 3.a)What is the minimum number of gauge to be used in pressure testing ? Two b) What should be its ranger as per ASME .sec VIII As per ... Read More »
1. Describe the steps used for erection of structural steel? Material received at site Concrete bases and anchor bolts Shims Pre assembly at ground level Main construction steel erection (dimension bolt) Tightening for anchor bolt Alignment for structural steel Tightening for steel Tightening for anchor bolts. Grouting Complete structural steel erection (secondary beams, bracing) Calibration of whrench and device Modification ... Read More »
1.What is the discharge pipe that is flow condition and that extends from the lift station carrying sewage under pressure ? Force main 2 .Where will the drain from battery rooms battery rooms before discharge to the sanitary sewer line ? Neutralization Tan 3.What is the minimum size of sewer lines that are allowed to be embedded unde slab? 64mm ... Read More »
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