Dynamic simulation is an extension of steady-state process simulation whereby time-dependence is built into the models via derivative terms i.e. accumulation of mass and energy. The advent of dynamic simulation means that the time-dependent description and control of real processes in real or simulated time are possible. This includes the description of starting up and shutting down a plant, changes ... Read More »
There are numerous American Society for Testing and Materials designations cover the specification of wrought materials, forgings and castings used for plate, fittings, pipe and valves.The ASTM standards are directed to dimensional standards, materials and strength considerations. Some of the more material standards referenced are: A 36 Specification for Structural Steel A 53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot ... Read More »
EFW Pipe vs ERW Pipe:- EFW Pipe Manufacturing Processing of Electric Fusion Welding, also called Continuous Welding begins as coiled steel with appropriate thickness, width and weight is made. To form a continuous ribbon of steel several coils are welded together. Then the steel ribbon is heated to the necessary temperature and formed into an oval. In the next step ... Read More »
Piping component standard developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings B16.3 Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 150 and 300 B16.4 Cast Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250 B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings B16.9 Factory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings B16.10 Face to ... Read More »
These are piping and related component standards developed by the Manufacturer’s Standardization Society. The MSS standards are directed at general industrial applications. The pipeline industry makes extensive use of these piping component and quality acceptance standards. SP-6 Standard Finishes for Contact Faces Pipe Flanges and Connecting End Flanges of Valves and Fittings SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges ... Read More »
Conversion Factor: 1 Meter = 3.28 Feet 1 Meter = 39.37 Inches 1 Meter = 100 Centimeters 1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters 1 Foot = 12 Inches 1 Inch = 2.54 Centimeters 1 Centimeter = 10 Millimeters S.no English – Fraction (Inch) English Decimal (Inch) English (Millimeter) 1. 1/16 0.0625 1.6 2. 1/8 0.125 3.2 3. 1/4 0.25 6.4 4. ... Read More »
Code Test type Test pressure minimum Test pressure maximum Test pressure holding time Examination ASME B31.1 Hydrostatic(1) 1.5 time design Max allowable test pressure any component or 90 percent of yield 10 minutes Design pressure ASME B31.1 Pneumatic 1.2 times design 1.5 times design or max allowable test pressure any component 10 minutes Lower of 100 psig or design pressure ... Read More »
1. Can you explain in detail three or more major differences between code ANSI B31.1 and code ANSI B31.3? There is only one major difference between the two, B31.1 is for power piping and B31.3 is for refinery/chemical plant piping. 2. There is a power plant inside a process refinery.Where exactly the ANSI B31.1 & ANSI B31.3 scope break occurs? ... Read More »
After Welding Surface defects ( porosity, pinhole, undercut, slag, uneven weld bead, cracks, spatters, under flush, excess reinforcement, overlap etc ) Welding distortion Welding reinforcement height Weld bead width Excess penetration Root concavity measurement (if accessible) NDT as per requirement Top Courses in Engineering Design PDMS Training 3+ Live Projects 700+ Interview Questions 24/7 E-learning Access SP3D Training Certified Trainer ... Read More »
Welding Welding is a process by which two materials, usually metals, are permanently joined together by the coalescence, which is induced by a combination of temperature, pressure and metallurgical conditions. The particular combination of these variables can be range from high temperature with no pressure to high pressure with no increase in temperature. There are a number of different methods ... Read More »
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